Elements of Art & Principles of Design

Lines are marks made by a pointed tool: brush, pencil, pen, etc. Lines can vary in width, direction, curvature, length, or color.

These elements represent lines because you can clearly see the lines in these pictures.

Shapes are formed wherever the ends of a continuous line meet. Geometric shapes such as circles, triangles or squares have perfect, uniform measurements and don't often appear in nature. Organic shapes are associated with things from the natural world, like plants and animals.

Color wheels show the primary colors, secondary colors, and the tertiary (intermediate) colors. They also show the relationships between complementary colors across from each other, such as blue and orange; and analogous (similar or related) colors next to each other such as yellow, green, and blue. Black and white may be thought of as colors but, in fact, they are not. White light is the presence of all color; black is the absence of reflected light and therefore the absence of color.

Value (Tone) or tone, refers to dark and light; the value scale refers to black and white with all gradations of gray in between. Value contrasts help us to see and understand a two-dimensional work of art.

Form describes objects that are three-dimensional, having length, width, and height.

Texture can be rough, bumpy, slick, scratchy, smooth, silky, soft, prickly--the list is endless. Texture refers to the surface quality, both simulated and actual, of artwork.

Space refers to distances or areas around, between, or within components of a piece. Space can be positive (white or light) or negative (black or dark), open or closed,shallow or deep, and two-dimensional or three-dimensional.

Balance is the comfortable or pleasing arrangement of things in art. There are three different types of balance: symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial. The human figure is symmetrically balanced; the same on the left and right side. The tree is asymmetrically balanced; its branches are not distributed equally on each side, but their total weight is balanced left and right. The sun is an example of radial balance; all its rays are equal in length from the center.

Contrast is created by using elements that conflict with one another. Often, contrast is created using complementary colors or extremely light and dark values. Contrast creates interest in a piece and often draws the eye to certain areas. It is used to make a painting look interesting.

Emphasis in the focal area of an artwork gives it importance. An artist may stress some elements of the design over others. The eye of the viewer will focus on the area of emphasis or center of interest first, then take in the rest of the composition.

Movement in an artwork means the artist is taking viewers on a trip through the work by means of lines, edges, shapes, and colors often leading to the focal area. Movement is a visual flow through the composition. It can be the suggestion of motion in a design as you move from object to object by way of placement and position. Directional movement can be created with a value pattern. It is with the placement of dark and light areas that you can move your attention through the format.

Patterns are made in art when the same shapes or elements are repeated again and again. Pattern uses the elements of art in planned or random repetitions to enhance surfaces of paintings or sculptures.

Rhythm is the repetition of shapes, lines, and forms. Rhythm is a movement in which some elements recurs regularly. Like a dance, it will have a flow of objects that will seem to be like the beat of music.

Unity means that all elements in an artwork are in harmony. Unity brings together a composition with similar units. For example, if your composition was using wavy lines and organic shapes you would stay with those types of lines and not put in even one geometric shape.

Simplicity is when you can see what your focusing on. Here you can see perfectly what the main subject is. There is nothing else around it just plain background.

Lines is when lines direct you to whats the main thing of the picture. On here you can see how the lines point down & direct you on looking at the person.

Balance is when it is symmetrical or when on one side theres darkness and on the other there is light where it focuses on the subject. I chose this picture because you can see on the sides its dark and then in the middle there is light which is the main subject.

The rule of thirds is when the main subject is not in the middle. Its more to the right or left. On this photo the subject is the man at the bottom. You can see how he is not in the middle but more to the bottom left.

Framing is when the subject is in the middle. I picked this photo because you can see how the subject is   in the middle. The subject which is the buildings are the only thing you can see but still are in the middle.

Mergers is when something or someone from a picture is cut off. Maybe it not a complete picture.
I picked this picture because on the left side the firefighter has part of his arm cut off and I don't know if there is another firefighter next to him.

Post Shoot Reflection

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I really like the angles he put it from. I also like the distance he took it from.
I don't think there something he could work from. Maybe there is but i don't know what.

National Geographic Contest

This was my favorite photo because I just like pictures that have to do with nature.
It comes with water and you could see the sun in the background which makes it even more pretty.
One side is dark and the other has light. You can also see the reflection in the water. By: Nino Benninger

Red, Metal, Happy

Part II Camera Parts

Aperture is an opening, hole, or gap.

Shutter is a device that opens and closes to expose the film in a camera.

Exposure is the total amount of light

Depth of field is the amount of distance between the nearest and farthest objects.

F-stop is the focal length divided by the diameter of the lens

The focal length of a lens is defined as the distance in mm from the optical center of the lens to the focal point.


1) Lens release button is responsible for releasing the lens from the body to facilitate removal.
2)Flash button gives flash/light when you take a picture
3)shutter button press all the way to take a picture
4)Microphone is capture audio
5)The aperture button regulates the amount of light passes into the inside of the camera.

Camera History Camera Parts

Camera History Camera Parts

1)Camera Obscura Effect was the first camera.
2)The hole acted like a lens, focusing and projecting light onto the wall of the dark chamber. In the 17th century, the modern camera came one step closer when Isaac Newton and Christian Huygens perfected the understanding of optics and the process of making high quality glass lenses.
3)Parts of the first modern camera invented by Niepce were a glass lens, a dark box, and film. 
4)Replacing old-fashioned plastic film, digital cameras capture the images with an electronic sensor called a CCD.
6)"auto mode"The camera will completely control flash and exposure. "Program mode"automatic-assist, just point and shoot. Unlike full auto mode, you can usually control flash and a few other camera settings.
7) "Portrait mode" to attempt to blur out the background, camera will try to use the fastest available lens setting.
8)"sports mode" is use to freeze motion, camera will use the highest shutter speed possible.
9)A half-press will tell the camera that you're almost ready to take a shot and to be prepared, triggering the following things to happen.

10)Flash is off

11)Flash is on auto.

12)Too much light and the picture will be washed out.

13)Not enough light and the picture will be too dark. 

14) stop is a relative change in the brightness of light.

15)If you start with a single lightbulb and then add another bulb, the light intensity will increase by one stop.

16)To increase the light by another stop you would need to double the light for a total of 4 bulbs,and so on..

17)Longer shutter speeds = more light
18)shorter shutter speeds = less light
19)Before light reaches film, it must pass through an opening called an "Aperture"
20Smaller F-stops numbers = larger openings larger openings = more light

First Photos-Best and Worst

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